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 |
| r41 (r38으로 되돌림) | 2 | --허허 반달이 반달을 반달하다니-- |
| 3 | [목차] | |
| 4 | == 개요 == | |
| 5 | >[[일어탁수|'''일어탁수'''[br]'''一魚濁水''']][* 왜 이 사자성어가 붙여졌는지 한번 이 문단 전체를 읽어보자.] | |
| 6 | 초기의 [[한국어 위키백과]]에서는 [[영어]] 위키백과의 예를 그대로 들여와 '''[[반달리즘]](英·美 Vandalism)'''이라는 용어를 썼다. 하지만 한국어 화자들에게는 '반달리즘'이라는 용어가 생소해서 용어의 의미가 바로 이해되지 않는다는 지적이 있었다. 그래서 논의 끝에 의미가 명확한 [[http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C_%ED%9B%BC%EC%86%90|문서 훼손]]이라는 용어를 쓰게 되었다. | |
| 7 | ||
| 8 | [[나무위키]]의 전신인 [[리그베다 위키]]에서는 [[위키백과]]에서 쓰던 이 '반달리즘(英·美 Vandalism)'이라는 용어를 그대로 들여와서 쓰고 있었고, 나무위키 또한 해당 표현을 그대로 이어받았다. 다만 나무위키에서 문서명 토론이 이뤄져서 현재는 '''문서 훼손'''이라는 제목으로 바뀌었다. 현재 나무위키의 후신인 [[알파위키]]도 그러한 특성을 이어받았다. | |
| 9 | ||
| 10 | 주의할 것은 '반달리즘'은 문서를 훼손하는 '행위'를 나타내는 단어고, '반달'은 그런 행위를 하는 '사람'을 나타내는 단어라는 것이다. 한때 [[리그베다 위키]]에서는 '반달'을 '반달리즘'의 줄임말로 보고, 그런 행위를 하는 사람을 나타내기 위해 '반달리스트'라는 잘못된 단어를 만든 적이 있었다. 나무위키에서도 반달러라는 말이 생겨나서 알파위키까지 이어져서 쓰이고 있다. | |
| 11 | ||
| 12 | 위키위키 상의 문서 훼손 행위를 가리키는 단어로 자국 고유어를 사용하는 나라들은 대한민국 이외에 일본(荒らし), 중국(破坏), 스웨덴(Klottersanering), 아이슬란드(Skemmdarverk) 등이 있으며, 이외 대다수 국가에서는 그냥 반달리즘이란 단어로 통한다. | |
| 13 | == 특징 == | |
| 14 | 인터넷의 경우 누구나 수정할 수 있는 [[위키위키]]를 중심으로 이용자가 늘어나서 반달도 자연스럽게 늘어나고 있는데 [[위키백과]]와 [[알파위키]]도 그렇게 되었다. 그리고 이런 사람들은 토론방의 글을 읽지 않는 경우가 많기 때문에 차단하는 것을 제외하면 현재 사실상 제재할 수 없다. 그리고 이렇게 훼손된 문서는 일반적으로 최근에 올라온 가장 정상적인 버전으로 되돌려서 회원 수정하도록 제한한다. 심각한 경우는 15일 이상 회원 수정인 경우도 있다. 현재 이 문서가 그러하다. | |
| 15 | ||
| 16 | 경우에 따라서 맞춤법과 철자법이 틀리거나 [[강제개행|엔터키를 자주 쓰는 경우]]도 있으며 문장부호를 바르게 사용하지 않아 다른 사람들이 읽기 어려운 글을 작성하기도 한다. 뜬금없이 인신공격을 하거나 아예 원문을 전부 지워서 이상한 글을 쓰는 것도 있다. 심지어 수정할 때도 요약란에 정상적인 문서를 삭제해서 요약란에 욕설을 사용하는 경우도 있다. [[:파일:lJ6RTTA.jpg|해당 이미지]] | |
| 17 | ||
| 18 | [[운영자]]가 없을 때 본인들이 운영자들에 의해 차단되기 위해 문서 훼손을 하거나 [[https://namu.wiki/w/%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90?rev=45|이렇]][[https://namu.wiki/w/관리자?rev=47|게]] 만드는 경우도 있다. | |
| 19 | ||
| 20 | 로그인하지 않고 특정한 문서를 짧은 시간 동안 너무 많이 편집하면 반달리즘에 걸려 알파위키에서 IP를 차단한다. 오타를 자주 치거나 문서에 쓸 내용을 생각할 수 없어서 글을 자꾸 지웠다 추가하는 사람들은 계정을 만들거나 로그인하고 문서를 편집하는 것이 좋다. | |
| 21 | === 원인 === | |
| 22 | 본 문단은 알파위키를 기준으로 한다. | |
| 23 | *본인에게 필요하다고 보는 내용이 없거나, 본인에게 필요한 내용이 지나치게 부실하다: 해당 문서의 가치가 없는 것으로 보거나, 해당 문서가 편향적으로 작성된 것으로 보기 때문에 문서의 대부분을 삭제하려고 한다. 알파위키에서는 [[DIY]]가 원칙이다. 만약 문서를 편집하기 어려우면 요약에 '어떤 내용이 빠졌다, 어떤 내용이 부실하다'는 글을 적을 경우 다른 사람들이 부족한 내용을 채워줄 것이다. | |
| 24 | *알파위키에서 강제적으로 탈퇴하고 싶어서: 알파위키에서 탈퇴하려고 일부러 반달리즘을 저지르는 경우는 로그 및 CCL의 문제로 '''아이디만 차단될 뿐이지 근본적으로 사이트에서 탈퇴할 수는 없다.''' 알파위키 접속을 본인의 의지로 끊어야 하는 사람들은 컴퓨터나 스마트폰 이용시간 절제 앱으로 스스로 절제할 수 있다. | |
| 25 | *자신이 알파위키의 특성을 따르지 않고, 자신만의 논리를 알파위키 이용자들에게 요구하는 경우. 역사 왜곡, 자신들에게 유리한 여론 형성 등이다. | |
| 26 | *사회 통념에서 지나치게 동떨어진 경우: 이러한 수정자들은 주로 글을 읽으며 [[독자연구|자기만의 생각]]을 단어, 문장 단위로 추가시키는데, 읽는 사람에게 불쾌감을 준다. | |
| 27 | *[[트롤링]]: 재미를 위해 반달리즘을 저지르는 경우가 있다. | |
| 28 | *위키에서 불만을 갖고 있거나 혐오하는 사람을 놀라게 하고 괴롭히는 것을 목적으로 삼는 경우. 그러면서도 [[피해의식|자기가 정당하며 스스로가 희생자라고]] 생각한다. 분노형 [[스토킹]]으로 볼 수 있다. | |
| 29 | *인물/단체/종교 등에 대한 비난을 거부하기 위해 저지른다. | |
| 30 | *[[알파위키]]에 악감정을 가지고 있어서: 매우 드물게 위키 전체에 악감정을 품고 대규모 반달리즘이 등장하기도 한다. 대표적으로 [[나무위키]]는 알파위키가 자신들의 뒤를칠 가능성이 있다. 또한 [[리그베다 위키]]는 광고를 안달아서 냅두지만 나무위키 다음으로 거대한 사이트라서 알파위키를 질투해서 반달하고있다.[* 물론 알파위키는 나무위키에 비하면 작은편이지만 청동의 고소가 존재하지 않았다면 나무위키를 벌서 위협했을 가능성이 있다.] | |
| 31 | *'''고집을 꺾지 못해서''': 처음에는 그게 반달인지도 모르고 저질렀다가 토론을 통해 반달임이 밝혀졌음에도 불구하고 '''고집을 꺾지 못해서''' 계속 같은 말이나 같은 내용의 편집만 반복한다. 사실 아무리 잘못된 반달이라도 반달러가 고집이 없을 경우 타인의 의견을 받아들여 반달을 그치기도 하지만 '''이 경우는 반달을 하고야만 말겠다는 고집을 절대로 꺾지 않아서''' 이런 부류의 반달러는 100% 영구차단 당한다. 알파위키라서가 아니라 모든 종류의 인터넷 커뮤니티에서 동일하게 적용된다. | |
| 32 | ||
| 33 | ==== 자신만의 논리 ==== | |
| 34 | 알파위키 내에서 통용되는 통념에서 지나치게 동떨어진 자신만의 논리를 강요할 목적으로 특정 내용을 삭제한다. | |
| 35 | * 객관적 입장이 아닌 주관적 입장이라는 이유로 삭제 | |
| 36 | ||
| 37 | * 정보 전달 목적만 지키는 것이 아니라 재미나 호기심 목적을 추구한다는 것이 불쾌하다며 삭제: 가령 '알파위키는 사전이므로 사전에 허용되지 않는 부분을 삭제해야 한다', '알파위키는 학술성 매체이므로 인용구를 달지 않은 부분 등 학술 매체에 맞지 않는 부분은 삭제해야 한다.' 같은 이유로 트리비아/여담/사례/여러 사람들의 생각/인터뷰 내용/신문 기사 등을 삭제하는 경우가 해당한다. 알파위키는 사전을 표방한 적도 없고, 학술성 매체를 표방한 적도 없으므로 문제가 되지 않으며, 해당 내용이 틀렸다면 [[토론 도움말]]을 참고하여 내용이 틀렸음을 증명하는 방식으로 개선하는 것이 좋다. 따라서, 이러한 항목을 지우고 싶다면, 토론을 파서 떳떳하게 결론 도출 후 지우는 것이 바람직하다. | |
| 38 | ||
| 39 | * 알파위키의 편집자들(또는 특정 편집자)이 문서를 편집할 자격을 갖추지 못했다는 이유로 삭제: 알파위키 [[기본방침]]에서 이용권의 제한은 기본방침이나 그 부속 규정에 정해진 대로만 제한할 수 있다. 편집할 자격의 문제로 편집권을 빼앗기는 사람은 차단된 이용자나 알파위키 시스템을 방해할 목적의 악의적인 이용자에만 해당된다. 즉, 대부분의 이용자는 '편집할 자격을 갖추지 못할' 일이 없다. [[토론 도움말]]을 참고하여 내용이 틀렸음을 증명하는 방식으로 개선하는 것이 좋다. | |
| 40 | ||
| 41 | * 다른 사이트의 규정을 근거로 삼음: '알파위키에서는 이런 내용을 허용하지 않으므로 알파위키에서도 삭제해야 한다' 같은 것이 주된 이유다. 알파위키는 서로 다른 사이트이므로 위키백과 규정은 알파위키에 그대로 적용되지 않는다.[* 이것을 잘못 이해하여 문서 관련된(예:청와대) 공식 사이트에서 요청한 것들까지 '여긴 알파위키니깐 상관없어'라며 넘겨버리면 곤란하다. 때에 따라서는 '''저작권법 위반'''으로 고소당할 수도 있기에...] | |
| 42 | ||
| 43 | ==== 비난 거부 ==== | |
| 44 | 자신이 좋아하는 인물/단체/종교/직업 등에 대해 부정적인 내용이 적혀 있을 때, 그것을 지우기 위해 반달하는 경우가 나타난다. 종교나 특정 인물 문서 같은 민감한 문서의 경우에는 악질 빠들에 의한 반달리즘이 저질러지는 경우가 있다. 이런 때 반달들이 주장하는 근거라는 것은 대부분이 [[정신승리]] 발언이긴 하지만 그래도 자기들 딴에는 나름대로 근거라고 생각한다. | |
| 45 | ||
| 46 | 예를 들어 [[대한적십자사]] 문서에는 '부정확한 문서로 재검토 요함, 재검토 후 게시 요청'이라는 코멘트를 달며 문서를 삭제하는 경우가 있었다. 틀린 곳이 어디인지를 제시할 수 있으면 수정하는 이유를 요약 칸에 넣어서 이용자들이 납득하게 해야 하거나 토론을 통해 결정해야 한다. 틀린 곳이 어디인지를 제시할 수 없으면(또는 제시하기 싫으면) '''문서 삭제'''를 하고 다닐 게 아니라, 재검토 및 정확성 재고에 대한 부분을 '''DIY'''로 직접 해야 한다. | |
| 47 | ||
| 48 | 단순히 자신이 보기 싫다는 이유로 문서를 삭제하는 행위는 역효과를 가져온다. 문서 편집 이력을 보면 지운 부분은 최근 바뀐 글에 나타나게 된다. 사람들이 문서를 꼼꼼히 확인한 다음 틀린 점과 추가정보를 덧붙여주게 된다. 거기다 글을 다듬어 읽기 편하게 해서 더더욱 반달 행위의 근거를 봉쇄시켜버린다. 이렇게 단순 삭제는 역효과만 내기 쉽다. | |
| 49 | ||
| 50 | 오히려 위키의 기본 입장 상 가능한 한 중립적이고 객관적인 태도를 가지려 하던 위키러들이, 반달리즘 행위에 분노하여 반달이 옹호하려는 입장에 대해비판을 드러내게 되는 경우도 많다. 또한, 대체로 합리적 토론이 아니라 반달리즘으로 자기 의사를 관철하려 하는 사람들의 입장이란 게 사회적 통념상 받아들여지기 어려운 처지 이어 왔던 것도 사실. 반달로 인해 역풍을 맞아 위키 전체를 적으로 돌린 대표적인 사례로, 나무위키의 전신인 리그베다 위키 시절에 생성된 [[안전한 예방접종을 위한 모임]] 문서가 있다. 나무위키로 넘어온 이후에는 현재진행형으로 문서 정보량이 팽창하고 있는 [[여성시대]] 카페 관련 문서들이 있다. | |
| 51 | ||
| 52 | 종교단체의 경우 [[이단]] 및 [[사이비 종교]] 쪽의 반달이 잦다. 이들은 주로 내용을 통째로 자기들의 교리 홍보 내용으로 바꾸던가, 내용 또는 문서를 통째로 삭제하거나 하는 등 반달 스케일이 눈에 확 들어오기 때문에 쉽게 추려낼 수 있다. | |
| 53 | ||
| 54 | == [[알파위키]]에서의 문서 훼손 정의 == | |
| 55 | > * 반달을 하지 말것 | |
| 56 | > * 이유없이 문서를 지우거나 엉망으로 만들면 안 된다. 아무렇게나 문서를 쓰거나 지우지 않는다. | |
| 57 | ||
| 58 | 알파위키에서는 문서 훼손의 정의를 폭넓게 내리고 있다. 특별하게 엄밀한 정의랄 것이 없어서, 운영진의 재량의 판단으로 해당 유저의 문서 훼손 여부가 결정이 나곤 한다. | |
| 59 | ||
| 60 | 예를 들자면 다른 위키와 비슷하게, 주로 문서를 삭제하거나 문서의 내용을 이상하게 바꾼다거나, 토론에 뻘글로 도배하는등이 있다. | |
| 61 | == 한국어 위키백과의 문서 훼손 정의 == | |
| 62 | 한국어 위키백과에서 정의하고 있는 문서 훼손 행위의 유형은 다음과 같다. 단, 여기서는 한국 위키백과가 생각하는 문서 훼손 행위에 대한 유형이고 각 위키마다 서로 다른 정책을 채택하고 있으므로 이 6가지가 알파위키나 기타 위키에 다 적용되는 것은 아니다. 여담으로 독자 연구도 문서 훼손으로 정의할 수 있다는 의견이 위키백과에서 나오기도 했는데, 독자 연구의 경우에는 [[https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/위키백과:독자 연구 금지|위키백과:독자 연구 금지]]라는 문서에서 따로 다루고 있어 따로 두기로 결정이 났다. | |
| 63 | ||
| 64 | > 1. [[스팸|문서에 광고를 집어넣는 행위]] | |
| 65 | > 1. 아무 이유 없이 내용을 부분적으로 혹은 모두 지우는 행위 | |
| 66 | > 1. 욕설을 쓰거나 낙서를 하는 행위 | |
| 67 | > 1. 내용을 고의로 왜곡시키는 행위 | |
| 68 | > 1. 불쾌감을 주는 그림을 올리는 행위 | |
| 69 | > 1. 사용자 페이지에 비방하는 글을 써넣는 행위 | |
| 70 | ||
| 71 | ||
| 72 | == 예시와 유형 == | |
| 73 | 친북 성향 반달이 [[주성하]] 문서와 [[천안함 음모론]] 문서를 반달 한 적도 있다. | |
| 74 | ||
| 75 | 또, [[검은 악보]] 문서도 검은 악보 커뮤니티와 안티 검은 악보 커뮤니티 간의 분쟁으로 반달당한 적이 있다. | |
| 76 | ||
| 77 | 가끔 정말 아무 의미 없는 문서가 수도 없는 반달을 당하는 문서도 있다. 예시로 나무위키의 [[https://namu.wiki/w/장자바오역|장자오바역]]이라는 문서는 글자수도 별로 없는 토막글 수준의 간단한 문서임에도 잦은 반달로 인하여 380번이나 편집되는 기염을 토했다. 그리고 이건 오빗 사건의 토론과 연관된다. 당시 반달이 장자바오역으로 링크를 걸어 도배해놨다. 이는 리다이렉트 문서인 [[장가보역]]에도 계속되었다. | |
| 78 | ||
| 79 | 나무위키의 전신인 [[리그베다 위키]]에서는, 반달이 계속 들락날락한 문서를 높은 확률로 편집 제한 혹은 비로그인 편집 제한 처리했었다. 그러나 운영진이 귀찮다 싶으면 동결을 남발하다 보니 점차로 중요도 있는 여러 문서가 죄다 동결 처리되어 버려 위키로서의 기능이 약화되는 문제가 제기되었고, 현 알파위키에서는 동결 처리를 지양하고 최대한 토론과 자정 노력으로 해결하는 태도를 권장하고 있다. | |
| 80 | ||
| 81 | 간혹 위키에 있는 불리한 내용의 글에 거짓으로 작성한 글이 아닌 엄연한 사실임에도 그것을 [[왜곡]]하려 하는 경우도 있는데 이것도 엄연히 반달이다. [[빠가 까를 만든다|과도한 빠심은 까를 불러올 뿐이며]] 이게 심해질 경우 [[사기]]와 같은 범죄의 영역[* [[픽업 아티스트]]와 관련 문서들에 옹호론을 펼치며 마치 정당한 행위인 것처럼 호도하는 경우가 대표적이다.]에 들어갈 때도 있다. 진정 위키를 사랑하는 [[위키러]]라면 사실을 왜곡하는 글을 절대 올려서는 안 된다. | |
| 82 | ||
| 83 | 특히 [[편집 제한]] 문서는 절대로 반달하지 말자. 단순 트롤과 달리 이쪽은 기본이 위키 이용 정지, 판이 크게 벌어진다면 사이버 명예훼손으로 '''[[고소미]]를 먹을 수 있다.''' | |
| 84 | ||
| 85 | 한국어 [[위키백과]]에서 반달리즘으로 피해를 본 대표적인 인물로 [[성승헌]]이 있다. 그리고 상대방을 악의적으로 비방하기 위한 대표적인 [[반달리즘]]의 사례로는, '''[[시드노벨 리그베다 위키 수정사건]]'''이 있다. | |
| 86 | ||
| 87 | 한국어 위키백과 설립 초기였던 2006년 무렵에는 '[[공산주의]] 반달'이라는 악질적 반달이 있었다. 주로 사용자 문서들을 '(사용자 이름) on Wheels', '(사용자 이름) on ([[북한]] 도시 이름)'과 같은 엉뚱한 문서로 이동시키는 반달이었다. | |
| 88 | ||
| 89 | 위키의 제대로 된 사용법을 모르는 사람들이 오른쪽에 뜨는 Edit(목차 수정 버튼)만이 유일한 편집 버튼인 줄 알고 그걸 눌러서 목차만 반달하는 바보 같은 짓을 하기도 했다. 또한 틀을 훼손하는 악질 반달도 자주 일어나는데, 이 경우는 그 틀이 적용된 모든 문서에 영향을 미치기 때문에 피해가 크다. | |
| 90 | ||
| 91 | === 내용을 통째로 날리는 반달 === | |
| 92 | [[나무파일:attachment/realhighspeed_instantdelete_machine.png]] | |
| 93 | [include(틀:상세 내용, 문서명=초고속즉시삭제머신)] | |
| 94 | [[일본어]] 위키피디아에는 현재는 활동을 접은 '超高速即時削除マシーン([[초고속즉시삭제머신]])'이라는 악질 반달이 있다. 위키백과에서 온 것으로 피해는 알파위키보다 훨씬 심각하다고 한다. [[http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/利用者:超高速即時削除マシーン|바로 이 계정]]으로 현재는 위키백과 기본방침 위반 및 부적절한 계정명으로 영구차단되었다. | |
| 95 | ||
| 96 | 이 외에도 [[김원기]] 문서 내용 자체가 ㅋ 한 글자 남겨두고 전부 삭제된 적도 있기도 하며[* [[https://namu.wiki/w/%EA%B9%80%EC%9B%90%EA%B8%B0?rev=174]] 참조(현재는 복구되었다) ], [[Play XP]]도 "NIOS쨩 다에스키!" 한 문장만 남겨두고 전부 삭제된 적이 있는가 하면, [[듀나]] 문서가 싸그리 삭제되고 [[참치]] 문서로 [[https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%B0%B8%EC%B9%98?from=%EB%93%80%EB%82%98|리다이렉트된 적도 있었다]]. 그리고 [[포탈(게임)|포탈]] 문서도 'the cake is a lie.' 이 문장만 남겨두고 전부 삭제된 경우도 있다. | |
| 97 | ||
| 98 | 그리고 또한 2015년 12월 27일 12시 30분경부터 1시 20분까지 [[1984]], [[대호(영화)]], [[마후마후]], [[최동원 상]], [[무도 공개수배]], [[호주]], [[인터넷 중독]], [[소라넷 폐지운동]] 등의 문서가 전체 삭제 등으로 반달당하는 사태가 생겼다. 이후에 반달이 밝히기를, SF 작가들을 무시, 우롱하고 깔보는 듯한 듀나의 특정 발언, "많은 풋내기 SF 작가들이 자신만의 우주를 창조해 내는 걸 굉장히 멋있는 거라고 생각하는데, 이것은 한심한 착각입니다. '''그것만큼 쉬운 일도 없습니다. 여러분들도 지금 당장 해 보세요.'''"에 욱해서 벌인 일이라고. [[https://namu.wiki/w/문서 훼손?rev=1894|이 문서 역시 자주 반달당하고 있다.]] 비로그인 편집제한이 걸린 것도 이 때문. 모 유저가 비로그인 편집제한을 걸어도 되냐고 토론을 열었고. '''결과는 만장일치.''' 심지어 비로그인 유저도 찬성했다. | |
| 99 | ||
| 100 | 그리고 1월 21부터, 1월 22일 두 차례에 걸쳐 한 사람이 '''156개의 문서를 삭제하거나, 1만자 이상 도배로 내용을 확인 할 수 없게 하는 대규모 반달이 일어났다.''' 다행히 '''여러 [[위키 페어리]]들이 문서 복구에 힘써주어 현재 아직도 훼손된 문서는 없는 상황이다. 반달 해당 이용자는 광대역 차단된 상태.''' | |
| 101 | ||
| 102 | 임시 운영자 시절에는 갑자기 [[검열삭제]]라고 문서에 도배를 하는 반달을 하더니 신고글에 난입해서 차단해달라고 난리를 치는 등 초특급 어그로를 끈 사람도 있다. 심지어 [[https://namu.wiki/w/%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90?rev=45|이렇게]] 바꿔버리는 사례도 있을 정도. | |
| 103 | ||
| 104 | 이 경우 지나가던 namu로 추정되는 사람이 있었는데 반달을 차단하면 죽창이 들어올 것 같아 결국 반달의 토론 중 난입해서 어그로를 끄는 글들만 블라인드 치다가 5시간 만에 진압되었다. 개불만큼 최악의 반달 사태다. | |
| 105 | ||
| 106 | 좀 악질 반달은 반달을 하는 주제에 수정 코멘트에 반달 복구 라고 남겨 혼란을 주는 인간들도 있다. | |
| 107 | [[https://namu.wiki/w/파일:반달반달.png|해당 파일]] | |
| 108 | 거기다 7월 14일, [[반달]] 문서가 '''반달 반달 반달'''이라는 말만 반복되는 내용만 나온 채 삭제되는 일도 일어났다.[[https://namu.wiki/w/%EB%B0%98%EB%8B%AC?rev=291|링크(경고:이 버전으로 되돌리면 반달로 간주되니 절대 되돌리지 마세요!)]] | |
| 109 | ||
| 110 | === 교묘하게 일부분을 수정하는 것 === | |
| 111 | 눈치채기 힘들게 만드는 반달. 반달의 의도나 수법을 고려할 때 문서 파괴형 반달보다도 악질적인 종류의 반달이다. 이 반달이 더 위험한 것은, 문서 파괴형 반달은 익히 알려져있어 대처하기 쉽지만, 문서 손상형 반달은 사례도 많지않고, [[괴벨스|입증에 오랜 시간이 필요하기 때문이며]], 반달임이 입증되어도 반달은 이미 소기 목적은 달성한 채 유유히 달아난 상황이기 십상이다. | |
| 112 | ||
| 113 | 아니면, 특정 인물에 대한 설명에 아예 비하적 표현을 삽입하는 경우도 있다. | |
| 114 | 예를 들자면, '''XXX, OO프로그램의 최고의 멤버'''를 '''XXX, OO프로그램의 __최악__의 멤버로 '''무단 수정하는 행위이다. 역시 한 글자만 수정하는 행위이므로 초고속 즉시 복구 머신이 최근 변경에 상주 중이 아닌 이상 잡아도 반달은 이미 위키를 떠난 지 오래인 상황이 많다. | |
| 115 | ||
| 116 | [[나무파일:attachment/반달리즘(위키위키)/ilbe.jpg]] | |
| 117 | 이 사례는 지역감정을 왜곡, 증폭시키기 위해서 의도적으로 일으킨 것이다. | |
| 118 | 아래는 대놓고 장난을 치는 반달. 하지만 문서를 훼손한 것은 마찬가지다. | |
| 119 | [[나무파일:tEDtZh6.png]] | |
| 120 | [[https://namu.wiki/diff/문서 훼손/사례?rev=133&oldrev=132|이런 것도 있다.]] [[문서 훼손/사례]]의 일부 내용을 슬쩍 바꾼 것. | |
| 121 | [[https://awiki.theseed.io/w/안녕! 괴발개발?rev=202|또는 이런 것.]] 다른 내용을 넣어 일부를 바꾼 것. | |
| 122 | [[https://awiki.theseed.io/w/심영?rev=73|이런]] [[https://awiki.theseed.io/w/도적?rev=95#s-1|식]][[https://awiki.theseed.io/w/민족주의?rev=19#s-1|들]]로 일부 문자를 바꾸는 경우도 있다. | |
| 123 | ||
| 124 | 나무위키에서도 일어난다. [[공중보건의사]] 문서의 사례를 보자. | |
| 125 | >실제 1년차 일반의의 세후 연봉은 모든 수당을 합쳐서 연 2500만원 정도밖에 안 된다. 이 시기는 [[인턴]] 보다도 연봉이 적은 기간이기도 하다. | |
| 126 | >실제 1년차 일반의의 세후 연봉은 모든 수당을 합쳐서 연 '''1200만원''' 정도밖에 안 된다. 이 시기는 [[인턴]] 보다도 연봉이 적은 기간이기도 하다. | |
| 127 | 숫자 몇 개 수정하는 것만으로도 수치를 반으로 깎아버릴 수 있다. | |
| 128 | ||
| 129 | === 특정 사이트의 [[몹몰이]]성 반달 === | |
| 130 | 개인이 행하는 반달이 아닌 특정 사이트에서 위키의 링크가 띄워져 우르르 몰려와서 반달을 하는 행위라면 더 골치 아파진다. 한 사람을 차단해도 같은 사이트에서 유입된 다른 사람들이 우르르 반달하기에, 그 사람들을 전부 다 차단해야 해서 관리자가 꽤나 골치 아파진다. | |
| 131 | ||
| 132 | [[https://namu.wiki/history/%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80%20%ED%95%B4%EB%AA%85%EA%B8%80%20%EC%A1%B0%EC%9E%91%20%EC%82%AC%ED%83%9C|이것처럼]] 2015-05-18 20:29 까지 무려 3,472회의 수정이 일어났다. 하지만 이게 전부 반달한 횟수가 아니고 반달+반달복구+수정+내용 추가의 숫자다. 그렇다고 해도 반달이 최소 수백 번이라는 말이다. | |
| 133 | ||
| 134 | 다만 이런 몹몰이성 반달의 경우 일일이 다 차단한다기 보단 아예 문서 자체를 동결시키고 잠잠해지면 다시 동결해제 하는 게 가장 좋은 방법이다. 이는 알파위키만의 문제가 아니라 위키백과에서도 종종 일어나는 일이다. | |
| 135 | ||
| 136 | 이런 일이 벌어지는 이유를 적어보자면 그 사이트의 성향을 예로 들 수 있다. 자신들이 긍정적인 쪽으로 삼는 대상이 알파위키에서 부정적인 내용으로 적혀있을 경우 그 사이트에서 '알파위키가 ○○ 까고 있다'라고 선동하고 내용에 알파위키 링크를 띄우면 이런 반달이 자주 일어난다. 문제는 사이트 화력이 엄청난 곳이라면 더 골치 아파진다. 다만 굳이 자신들이 긍정적인 쪽이 부정적으로 적혀있다고 반달하는 경우 외에도 애초부터 정상적인 문서나 자신들이 부정적으로 여기는 대상의 문서를 반달하기 위해 이런 일이 벌어지기도 한다. | |
| 137 | ||
| 138 | 혹은 그냥 사이트 전체에 대해서 부정적으로 적혀있으면 이런 일이 종종 일어나니까 웬만해선 특정 사이트에 대해선 중립적으로 적혀야 한다. 그런데 제대로 된 사실을 적거나 그냥 객관적인 비판을 적어도 그것을 인정하지 못하고 [[테러]]를 하는 경우가 많다. 이런 일이 일어나는 사이트의 예를 들자면 특정 정치 성향 사이트, 특정 대상 팬 혹은 안티적 성향을 가진 사이트 등이 있다. 반대로 지나가던 사람이 왜곡되거나 틀린 잘못된 내용을 고쳐놔도 반달이라면서 다시 원상복귀 시켜놓는 위키러가 있다. | |
| 139 | ||
| 140 | 하지만 보통은 반달을 했다간 특정 단체가 와서 반달한 사실마저 기록에 남을뿐더러, 반달로 인해 위키러의 관심이 쏠려 내용이 더 자세해진다는 문제가 있다. 아니면 정반대로, 초장기적 혹은 초거대 규모로 반달이 일어나면 반영구적으로 마비되는 사태가 벌어질 수도 있다. 일례로, 2015년 4월 [[리그베다 위키]]에서는 [[리그베다 위키 사유화 사태|거의 모든 문서가 반달당하는 대규모 반달 사태]]가 발생했었다. 이 사태로 인해 리그베다 위키가 마비되어 2015년 4월 내내 사용이 불가능했다. | |
| 141 | ||
| 142 | === 실수로 인한 반달리즘 === | |
| 143 | 터치오류가 잦은 [[스마트폰]][* 특히 [[아이폰]]]이나, [[닌텐도 3DS]], [[PS Vita]]류의 기기로 텍스트가 매우 많은 문서를 수정하면 의도하지 않은 반달이 되는 경우가 있다. 이렇게 고의가 아닌 본의 아닌 실수로 문서를 훼손해 버려 반달로 몰릴 수 있다. 예를 들어 잘못 써서 문서가 망가졌다든지. 이럴 때는 되돌리기 기능을 이용해서 바로 되돌리자. 되돌리지 않고 그냥 내버려두면 반달리즘으로 간주되어 위키 이용이 차단될 수 있다. | |
| 144 | ||
| 145 | 물론 이렇게 차단이 되었다 해도 고의성이 없었음이 입증되면 차단 해제되니 걱정할 필요는 없다. 그러나 계속해서 실수하는 것을 반복하면 고의적인 것으로 오해받을 수 있으니 편집한 후에 저장하기 전, 미리보기로 바뀐 부분을 확인 후 저장하는 것도 좋다. | |
| 146 | ||
| 147 | 그밖에 타인이 수정한 내용이 제대로 된 것인지 아님 교묘한 반달리즘이나 왜곡인지 모를 경우 잘못된것을 고쳤는데 반달이라 생각해서 되돌리거나, 제대로 첨부하거나 삭제한 글을 반달로 간주해 복원시키는 경우도 있다. 이 경우 반드시 아래쪽 요약문에 자신이 그런 행위를 한 이유를 꼭 적어주자. 그래야 뒤에 문서를 작성할 위키러들에게 폐가 되지 않는다. | |
| 148 | ||
| 149 | 5.3 항목의 몹몰이성 반달같은 대규모 반달의 경우, 착한 위키러가 재빨리 복구하려고 하다가 실수로 공범이 되는 사례가 있다. | |
| 150 | ||
| 151 | === 이전 리비전으로 되돌리기 반달리즘 === | |
| 152 | 반달리즘이라 하면 일반적으로 내용을 날리거나 왜곡하는 문서훼손 행위만을 생각하기 쉽지만, 부정한 목적으로 되돌리기를 하는 것 역시 반달리즘에 속한다. [[리그베다 위키]]에서는 이러한 류의 반달리즘을 역반달이라고 불렀는데 문서훼손이라는 점에서는 일반적인 반달과 본질적으로 차이가 없고, 리그베다 위키 외의 다른 위키에서는 '역반달/반달'을 구분하지 않았다는 점에서 리그베다 위키에서 만들어진 용어로 보인다. | |
| 153 | ||
| 154 | === 등재 기준에 적합한 토막글을 삭제하는 반달리즘 === | |
| 155 | [[삭제충]] 문서를 참조하자. | |
| 156 | >이 문서가 지칭하는 대상은 등재 기준에 맞지 않는(50자 미만 등) 토막글을 삭제하는 사람들이 아닌, 등재 기준을 충족한 토막글들까지 독자판단에 의해 지속적으로 삭제하는 유형을 의미한다. | |
| 157 | ||
| 158 | 또한 문제는 50자 미만의 문서만 규정상 삭제가 가능한데, 50자 이상의 문서까지 독자적 판단에 의해 지속적으로 삭제하는 사용자도 몇몇 보인다. | |
| 159 | 대표적인 예시의 토막글을 보도록 하자. | |
| 160 | ||
| 161 | >나무위키는 2015년 4월경에 리그베다 위키 사유화 사태로 인해 유저들이 이전하게 된 대안위키이다. 관리자는 [[namu]]이며, 이들의 신원은 베일에 싸여 있다. 이는 [[청동]]이 걸어올 수 있는 소송을 방지하기 위해서이다. | |
| 162 | 위는 나무위키에 대한 119자의 글이다. 보통 이렇게 최소 등재 기준을 충족(50자 이상, 기본 정보 포함)시키는 경우에도 다음과 같이 삭제하는 경우가 있다. | |
| 163 | >"알파위키 기본규칙 7.4 - 본문(공백, 위키 문법 등은 제외)이 50자 이하 이거나 문서명이 함축하고 있는 정보만을 서술하는 문서의 경우 이를 삭제 사유로 하여 삭제가 가능합니다. (삭제)"[* 물론 당시에는 해당 편집지침이 지정되기 전이었으니 실제로 있었던 일은 아니다.] | |
| 164 | (나무위키/비판 문서 발췌) | |
| 165 | ||
| 166 | 이러한 방식처럼 최소 등재 기준을 만족하는 글을 삭제하는 것은 '''일종의 [[위키반달|반달리즘]]이라고 볼 수 있다.''' 이러한 유형의 반달들은 글자 수를 세지 않거나, 내용을 보지 않고 '''지우는 행위 그 자체에 초점'''을 두고 있다. 문서를 삭제하는 것 보다는 보다 더 알차고 풍부한 문서로 가꾸어 나가려는 노력이 알파위키를 더 풍성하게 만든다는 것을 잊지 말자. | |
| 167 | ||
| 168 | 이러한 토막글을 대응하는 바람직한 자세는 바로 이용자의 따뜻한 손길과 기여다. 이러한 손길이 모여 알파위키를 더 풍성하게 만든다. 무작정 지워 나가지만은 말자. 그리고 신규 이용자들이 진입하기 위해서는 이미 있는 기존 이용자들이 신규 이용자분들한테 따뜻하게 대해주어야 한다. 문법 오류 같은 것를 발견하면 친절히 알려주자. '''그리고 문서를 삭제할 때는 문서 제목만 만들고 [[추가 바람]]이라고 딱 4글자만 적거나 반달성 문서가 아닌 이상 삭제하는 행위는 신중히 하자.''' | |
| 169 | ||
| 170 | === 쓸모없는 토막글을 계속 생성하는 반달리즘 === | |
| 171 | [[파일:bandal.png]][* 반달에 대항하는 위키러들의 모습] | |
| 172 | 토막글 삭제와는 반대되는 유형으로, '''그냥 아예 쓸데없는 문서를 계속 만들어 내는 유형도 있다.''' 아예 대놓고 '알파위키 망해라!'라는 식으로 문서를 생성하는 유형도 있지만, 치밀한 유형으로 10 글자 미만의 뻘문서만 지속적으로 만들어 내는 유형, 그리고 특정 대상에 대한 비하성 문서를 만드는 유형이 있다. | |
| 173 | ||
| 174 | 이렇게 뻘문서를 만들어 내면 최근 변경에 상주하고 있는 [[위키페어리]]들도 놓치기 십상이고, 만약 잡히더라도, 지속적인 반달이라는 게 입증되지 않는 한 '''차단되지 않는다는 것.''' [[나무위키]]에는 이 반달 사례로 나무 반달이라는 게 있는데, 나무 관련 문서만 엄청 만들어대고 내용은 적지 않는 반달이다. 그리고 [[https://namu.wiki/w/문서 훼손/사례/나무위키#s-3.11|노무현 반달]]도 일어났는데 [[노무현]] 전 대통령에 대한 고인드립, 섹드립성 문서를 마구잡이로 만들어내는 반달이다. | |
| 175 | 자세한 내용은 [[문서 훼손/사례]] 문서 참조. | |
| 176 | ||
| 177 | 또한 아예 [[나무위키]]의 경우에는 위키를 '''본인의 일기장'''으로 쓰는 사람들도 있다. 아예 본인의 역사를 올리거나, 자기소개를 사용자 문서가 아니라 뻘문서를 만들어 하는 것. --알파위키에 유입되지 않도록 하자.-- | |
| 178 | ||
| 179 | === 우회 작성 반달리즘 === | |
| 180 | 위키 정책에 따라 편집이 제한 되거나 [[임시조치]]가 걸려 작성이 제한된 내용, 토론으로 합의된 사항을 무시하고 되돌리거나 이름만 조금 바꿔서 새로 쓰는 등의 우회작성도 반달리즘으로 간주된다. | |
| 181 | ||
| 182 | === [[문서 이동]] 기능을 악용한 반달 === | |
| 183 | [include(틀:상세 내용, 문서명=개불 반달)] | |
| 184 | 문서를 엉뚱한 문서로 이동시킨 후 삭제해서 로그를 없애버려 복구를 힘들게 하는 악질 반달도 성행하여 많은 문제가 되었다. 아니면 문서 하나를 엉뚱한 것으로 치우면 기존 문서의 로그는 없어지는데 그 없어진 로그에 또 다른 문서를 이동시켜버리면 문서가 섞이기도 한다. 이런 류의 반달들 때문에 현재는 문서 이동 기능이 동결되었다가 기능을 바꾸어 정상화시켰다. | |
| 185 | ||
| 186 | === 다중 계정 반달리즘 === | |
| 187 | 처리 중 혼선이 일어날 확률이 매우 높고, 여러 위키러 또한 혼란스럽게 하는 악질 반달이다. | |
| 188 | ||
| 189 | [[문서 훼손/사례/나무위키#s-3.8|개불 반달]]의 경우 소문자 l(LOVE의 L)이랑 대문자 I(INTERNET의 I)랑 똑같이 보이는 점을 악용해 2개의 계정을 돌려가며 반달리즘을 저질렀다. 차단된 사용자가 계속 반달리즘을 벌였기 때문에 매우 혼란스러웠으나 운영진이 결국 소문자 l이랑 대문자 I의 차이를 발견하고 20분 만에 진압했다. | |
| 190 | 아예 운영진을 사칭하는 계정을 만드는 경우도 있는데, [[야민정음|kanco'''II'''e, '''I'''ikeingsky, na'''rn'''u]] 등의 계정으로 반달리즘을 하면 운영진이 반달리즘을 하는 것처럼 보이고 심지어 운영진이 차단시키면, 운영진이 운영진을 차단시켰다고 제 2의 [[Orbit의 난]]이라고 생각하는 사람도 있을 지경이다. | |
| 191 | ||
| 192 | 또한 아예 한 사람이 다중 계정을 만들어 대량으로 유포하는 경우도 있는데, 2016년 2월 5일만 해도 하루에 14개의 반달리즘용 공용 아이디랑 비밀번호가 [[위키갤러리]], 나무위키 각종 게시판에 마구 올라오면서 난리가 났었다. 문제는 공용 계정에 관한 규정이 없어 반달리즘이 일어나지 않은 상태로는 처리가 불가능한 상태. 결국 누군가 다중계정 검사를 요청해 다중 계정으로 밝혀졌고 모두 영구 차단되었다. 위백은 비밀 번호가 공개된 계정은 차단시키는데 나무위키는 공용 아이디에 관한 규정이 없다. 또한 한 사람이 여러 사람인척 하는 것은 문제가 되지만 반대로 여러 사람이 한 사람인 척 하는것은 문제가 안되는 것도 문제. | |
| 193 | ||
| 194 | === 개방형 네트워크를 악용한 반달리즘 === | |
| 195 | 무선 공유기를 설치하는 집은 많은데 문제는 비밀번호를 설정하지 않은 집도 매우 많다. WIFI라는 무선 네트워크 특성상 반달리즘을 하게 되면 당연히 공유기 소유자가 반달리즘을 하는 것처럼 되버린다. '''즉 [[닉네임 스킨]]이랑 맞먹는 사칭 행위이다.''' 이러한 반달리즘이 일어나면 당연히 네트워크에 외부인이 접근했다는 증거를 찾기는 하늘에서 별을 따는 것보다 어렵다. '''당연히 공유기 소유자가 차단되고, 차단 해제를 요청해도 관리자는 대부분 이런 소명은 기각하거나 4000자(...)이상의 문서 기여를 요구하는 등 매우 피곤해진다.''' 심지어 알파위키 반달정도는 애교고, '''호스트 파일이 변조되어 [[전기통신금융사기]]로 연결되는 경우도 있다.''' 소위 [[라레나]]당한다는 것 역시 이 때문에 발생할 수 있다. | |
| 196 | ||
| 197 | '''그러니까 가정에서 쓰는 공유기는 반드시 암호를 걸자.''' | |
| 198 | ||
| 199 | === 문서 바꿔치기 === | |
| 200 | 두 문서의 내용을 바꿔치는 반달리즘으로 주로 지하철역, 버스정류장 등의 문서에 행하여지는 반달리즘 유형이다. 특징은, 두 문서를 서로 [[문서 삭제식 이동]]한다는 점이며 결과적으로는 문서가 바꿔져 검색결과에 혼란을 준다. 또한 반달리즘을 발견하기가 매우 어려우며, 이런 경우는 삭제한 글자수가 커도 일반적인 기여로 보는 경우도 꽤 된다. [[문서 훼손/사례/나무위키#s-3.8|개불 반달]]에서도 일어난 유형이다. | |
| 201 | ||
| 202 | 비슷한 유형으로 한 문서만 전혀 엉뚱한 내용으로 바꿔 버리는 반달도 있다. 나무위키의 경우 [[대전 버스]] 문서를 [[나무위키:틀]] 문서로 바꿔 버린 문서 바꿔치기 반달리즘 사례다. | |
| 203 | [[나무파일:bandicam 2016-01-21 20-02-36-906.jpg|width=600&height=600]] | |
| 204 | ||
| 205 | === [[가짜동족어|모양이 같거나 비슷한 문자]]를 악용 === | |
| 206 | [[https://namu.wiki/w/문서 훼손/사례/나무위키#s-3.8|개불 반달]]에 행해진 수법인데, [[AOA(아이돌)]] 문서를 예로 들면, | |
| 207 | ||
| 208 | ||<-4><(>'''{{{#000 예1: AOA(아이돌)}}}'''|| | |
| 209 | || {{{#000 '''1'''}}} || {{{#000 AOA(아이돌)}}} || [[AOA(아이돌)]] || 정상적인 제목 || | |
| 210 | || {{{#000 '''2'''}}} || {{{#000 АОА(아이돌)}}} || [[АОА(아이돌)]] || [[키릴 문자]]로 교체 || | |
| 211 | || {{{#000 '''3'''}}} || {{{#000 ΑΟΑ(아이돌)}}} || [[ΑΟΑ(아이돌)]] || [[그리스 문자]]로 교체 || | |
| 212 | || {{{#000 '''4'''}}} || {{{#000 ＡＯＡ(아이돌)}}} || [[ＡＯＡ(아이돌)]] || [[전각과 반각|전각문자]]로 교체 || | |
| 213 | || {{{#000 '''5'''}}} || {{{#000 A0A(아이돌)}}} || [[A0A(아이돌)]] || O를 숫자 0으로 교체 || | |
| 214 | ||
| 215 | 보다시피 거의 비슷비슷한데 특히 키릴 문자나 그리스 문자로 교체한 버전은 육안으로 잘 구별이 가지 않는다. 하지만 엄연히 다른 문자이기 때문에 위와 같이 링크를 걸어보면 정상적으로 {AOA(아이돌)}이라 적은 문서를 제외하면 전부 없는 문서로 취급된다. 또한 위 예시로 구글링할 경우 1, 4번은 정상적으로 [[AOA(아이돌)]]이 검색되지만, 나머지는 그렇지 않다. 위키백과 등 여러 위키에서 실제로 이런 수법의 교묘한 반달이 행해지는 사례가 있고 당연히 알파위키도 이런 수법에서 예외일 수 없으니 주의하자. | |
| 216 | ||
| 217 | ||<-4><(>'''{{{#000 예2-1: Neon Genesis Evangelion}}}'''|| | |
| 218 | || {{{#000 '''1'''}}} ||<-2> [[Neon Genesis Evangelion|{{{#000 Neon Genesis Evangelion}}}]] || 정상적인 제목 || | |
| 219 | || {{{#000 '''2'''}}} || {{{#000 Nеоn Gеnеsis Еvаngеliоn}}} || [[Nеоn Gеnеsis Еvаngеliоn|{{{#000 N{{{#red '''ео'''}}}n G{{{#red '''е'''}}}n{{{#red '''е'''}}}sis {{{#red '''Е'''}}}v{{{#red '''а'''}}}ng{{{#red '''е'''}}}li{{{#red '''о'''}}}n}}}]] || 일부를 [[키릴 문자]]로 교체 || | |
| 220 | || {{{#000 '''3'''}}} || {{{#000 Νeοn Genesis Εvangeliοn}}} || [[Νeοn Genesis Εvangeliοn|{{{#000 {{{#blue '''Ν'''}}}e{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}n Genesis {{{#blue '''Ε'''}}}vangeli{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}n}}}]] || 일부를 [[그리스 문자]]로 교체 || | |
| 221 | || {{{#000 '''4'''}}} || {{{#000 Νеοn Gеnеsis Εvаngеliοn}}} || [[Νеοn Gеnеsis Εvаngеliοn|{{{#000 {{{#blue '''Ν'''}}}{{{#red '''е'''}}}{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}n G{{{#red '''е'''}}}n{{{#red '''е'''}}}sis {{{#blue '''Ε'''}}}v{{{#red '''а'''}}}ng{{{#red '''е'''}}}li{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}n}}}]] || 키릴, 그리스 문자를 혼용 || | |
| 222 | ||
| 223 | ||<-4><(>'''{{{#000 예2-2: Cosmic Baton Girl}}}'''|| | |
| 224 | || {{{#000 '''1'''}}} ||<-2> [[Cosmic Baton Girl|{{{#000 Cosmic Baton Girl}}}]] || 정상적인 제목 || | |
| 225 | || {{{#000 '''2'''}}} || {{{#000 Соsmiс Ваtоn Girl}}} || [[Соsmiс Ваtоn Girl|{{{#000 {{{#red '''Со'''}}}smi{{{#red '''с'''}}} {{{#red '''Ва'''}}}t{{{#red '''о'''}}}n Girl}}}]] || 일부를 [[키릴 문자]]로 교체 || | |
| 226 | || {{{#000 '''3'''}}} || {{{#000 Cοsmic Βatοn GirΙ}}} || [[Cοsmic Βatοn GirΙ|{{{#000 C{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}smic {{{#blue '''Β'''}}}at{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}n Gir{{{#blue '''Ι'''}}}}}}]] || 일부를 [[그리스 문자]]로 교체 || | |
| 227 | || {{{#000 '''4'''}}} || {{{#000 Сοsmiс Βаtοn GirΙ}}} || [[Сοsmiс Βаtοn GirΙ|{{{#000 {{{#red '''С'''}}}{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}smi{{{#red '''с'''}}} {{{#blue '''Β'''}}}{{{#red '''а'''}}}t{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}n Gir{{{#blue '''Ι'''}}}}}}]] || 키릴, 그리스 문자를 혼용 || | |
| 228 | ||
| 229 | 위키백과 등에서는 계정을 만들 때 서로 다른 언어에 속한 문자 체계([[한글]]-[[라틴 문자]]-[[키릴 문자]]-[[그리스 문자]] 등)를 혼용해서 만드는 것을 막고 있는데 아마도 이 수법으로 사칭 계정 등을 만드는 것을 막기 위함인 것으로 보인다. 예를 들어, 계정명이 [[신세기 에반게리온|Neon Genesis Evangelion]]이라고 했을 때 이를 사칭하는 사람이 모양이 같은 그리스 문자를 써서 [{{{#blue '''Ν'''}}}e{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}n Genesis {{{#blue '''Ε'''}}}vangeli{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}n]으로 쓰거나 모양이 같은 키릴 문자를 써서 [N{{{#red '''ео'''}}}n G{{{#red '''е'''}}}n{{{#red '''е'''}}}sis {{{#red '''Е'''}}}v{{{#red '''а'''}}}ng{{{#red '''е'''}}}li{{{#red '''о'''}}}n]으로 쓰거나 아니면 아예 셋을 혼용해 [{{{#blue '''Ν'''}}}{{{#red '''е'''}}}{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}n G{{{#red '''е'''}}}n{{{#red '''е'''}}}sis {{{#blue '''Ε'''}}}v{{{#red '''а'''}}}ng{{{#red '''е'''}}}li{{{#blue '''ο'''}}}n]으로 쓰는 경우가 생길 수 있는데 문자 혼용 계정을 방지하면 이를 막을 수 있다. 물론 100% 막을 수 있는 건 아닌게 저 앞의 [AOA]의 경우 전부 그리스 문자로 바꾼 [{{{#blue '''ΑΟΑ'''}}}]로 쓰거나 전부 키릴 문자로 바꾼 [{{{#red '''АОА'''}}}]까지는 막지 못한다는 한계가 존재하기는 한다. | |
| 230 | ||
| 231 | === 보이지 않는 문자를 이용한 문서 생성 === | |
| 232 | 모양이 비슷한 문자 이외에 보이지 않는 문자를 이용한 문서생성도 발견되었다. | |
| 233 | 가령, [[https://namu.wiki/w/%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%E2%80%8B|나무위키]]와 [[https://namu.wiki/w/%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4|나무위키]] 문서를 확인하면 제목은 동일한데 다른 페이지로 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있다. | |
| 234 | >[[https://namu.wiki/w/%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%E2%80%8B]] | |
| 235 | >[[https://namu.wiki/w/%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4]] | |
| 236 | 전자의 주소는 %E2%80%8B가 덧붙여져 있는데 이것은 화면에 표시되지 않는 [[유니코드]] 문자다. ([[https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AD_%EC%97%86%EB%8A%94_%EA%B3%B5%EB%B0%B1|폭 없는 공백]] 참고.) | |
| 237 | == [[/사례|사례]] == | |
| 238 | * 알파위키에서의 문서 훼손 사례는 [[문서 훼손/사례/알파위키]] 문서 참조. | |
| 239 | * 타 위키에서의 문서 훼손 사례는 [[문서 훼손/사례]] 문서 참조. | |
| 240 | ||
| 241 | == 논란 == | |
| 242 | 알파위키 문서 중 일부는 개인 감정이 지나치게 적용되어 사실을 왜곡하는 경우도 있고 자유롭게 쓸 수 있는 성격이라 근거가 분명하지 않은 부분을 게재한다던가 사실과 다른 거짓을 적어놓는 경우가 있다. 때로는 '반달'이 [[빨갱이]], [[친일파]], [[꼴페미]], [[마초]] 등의 정치적 수사처럼 그냥 유저들 마음에 안드는 것을 칭하는 용어로 쓰일 때도 있다. | |
| 243 | ||
| 244 | 반달리즘 추방을 하기 위해서는 개인적인 감정을 최대한 배제하고 위키 문서들을 좀 더 중립적인 입장과 진실에 입각해서 써야 한다. 또한 알파위키 문서를 작성자가 기존에 자신이 작성한 문서라고 해서 함부로 지우는 것도 반달리즘으로 아무리 작성자가 작성했다고 해도 개인만이 권리를 행사할 수 없다. 가끔씩 알파위키의 소유라고 말하는 경우도 있는데 사실이 아니다. 알파위키 측은 개인이 작성한 문서에 대해 어떤 권리도 없으며, 단지 CCL에 의거하여 공공재로 간주될 뿐이다. 그리고 그 공공재도 개개인의 저작물이라는 점은 분명히 표기하고 들어가야 하기 때문에 기본적으로 오픈액세스 개념으로 보는 게 더 정확하다. | |
| 245 | ||
| 246 | 물론 타인의 명예를 훼손하는 내용을 적거나 고의로 문서를 삭제하거나 아예 안 맞는 주장, 즉 비상식적인 내용을 적는 등의 행위는 반달리즘이 맞으나 일부 위키나 사이트에서는 다수의 유저가 동의하지 않음을 이유로 명백한 사실이나 사실에 근거를 둔 예측 등을 부정하는 현상이 벌어지기도 한다. 비상식적인 내용이란 1+1은 2가 맞는데도 3이라고 우긴다던가 하는 식이다. | |
| 247 | ||
| 248 | [[위키페어리]]와는 종이 한 장 차이. 과도하게 유머 위주로 치우친 문서나 편향되고 근거없는 문서를 적절히 수정하는 것은 무척 바람직한 행위로 간주되지만, 그렇다고 [[취소선]] 자체를 적대시하고 유익한 취소선도 [[삭제]]하면 위키 내에서는 [[반달리즘]]으로 치부될 수 있다. 취소선 중 정보 목적의 취소선도 많다. 특히 기록상 기여 내역이 모두 취소선 삭제이고 그 중 정보 목적 취소선도 있으면 취소선만 골라 삭제하는 반달이라고 차단당할 위험성도 크다. | |
| 249 | ||
| 250 | 가볍게 요약하자면, [[알파위키]]는 철저히 유머 위주로 돌아가며 편향된 관점을 인정하기도 하는 [[백괴사전]]이나 [[구스위키]]가 돼서는 안 된다. 하지만 그렇다고 [[한국어 위키백과]]가 되어서도 안 된다! | |
| 251 | ||
| 252 | == 대처법 == | |
| 253 | 위키질 중 출현하면 [[알파위키:신고 게시판|신고 게시판]]에 제보하면 된다. 하지만, 문서 내용을 근거를 제시하며(예:토론 결론) 삭제한다던가, 일회성으로 끝난다면 웬만하면 수정전쟁이나 토론에서 해결하는 것이 좋다. 그것을 신고해서 해당 유저가 차단을 당한다면, 차단이 풀린 후에는 해당 유저가 애초에는 단순히 기여를 하기 위해 알파위키에 가입했을지라도, 어느새 [[알파위키]]에 악감정을 지닌 반달러가 되고, 토론에서도 거친 발언을 서슴지 않는 위키러가 될 확률이 높기 때문이다. 그냥 국까질이나 상습적 독자연구라면 개인의 인성문제일 뿐이지만, 특정인 비방, 신상유포 등 [[명예훼손]], [[모욕죄|모욕]], 사이버 범죄를 구성하는 경우라면 [[고발]]도 가능하다. 알파위키에서도 이렇게 범죄와 결합된 반달에 대해 사법기관에 고발할 수 있다고 경고하고 있음을 명심해야 한다. | |
| 254 | ||
| 255 | === 운영진의 처리 === | |
| 256 | 신고를 했으면 이제 위키러들이 할 수 있는 모든 일은 끝났다. 이제 운영진들이 처리를 해 주어야 한다. 바로바로 처리될 때도 있지만, 길면 처리하는데까지 5시간까지도 걸린다. 그동안 반달에 노출된 셈. 아무래도 관리자를 더 늘리거나 접속 시간을 조율하여 최근 변경에 상주하는 운영진을 만들지 않는 한 처리 시간의 문제는 해결이 불가능해 보인다. 혹시 [[초즉삭]]류의 반달이 보인다면, 신고 먼저 하고 복구에 힘써주기 바란다. 계속 반달이 복구되면 포기하는 반달도 일부 있다. | |
| 257 | ||
| 258 | 이러한 신고 처리가 지연되는 문제 때문에 반달들은 계속 신나게 반달을 한다. 다만, 요즘은 [[초즉삭]]류의 대량 반달은 20~40분 내외로 처리하는 편. 다만 5시간이 넘도록 처리를 하지 않는 경우도 있다. 해당되는 시간대는 0~6시(UTC+09:00/대한민국 표준시간)에 주로 발생. | |
| 259 | ||
| 260 | 이렇듯 심각한 반달의 경우 각자 운영진 역할의 권한밖이라도 긴급조치로 임시차단할 수 있다. 하지만 이 제도를 모르는 유저들의 죽창이 일어나기도 하는데, 이러한 문제 때문에 반달이랑 개발진이랑 같이 있게 되면 개발자는 반달이 토론에 참여한 내용만 블라인드처리하고 반달만 복구해야하는 씁쓸한 상황. 실제로 반달이 이렇게 되자 [[운영진]]에 '''일해라!'''라고 반달하거나, '''저좀 차단해주세요'''라고 문서 내용을 바꿨던 사례도 있다. | |
| 261 | ||
| 262 | == 법적 대응 == | |
| 263 | === [[명예훼손죄]] === | |
| 264 | ※ 자세한 내용은 해당 문서 참조. | |
| 265 | ||
| 266 | 참고로 [[형사소송법]] 제234조에 의해 [[친고죄]]가 아닌 이상 누구든지 범죄가 있다고 사료하는 때에는 고발할 수 있다. 참고로 모욕죄는 친고죄다. 그러나 공연히 진실 혹은 허위의 사실을 적시하여 사람의 명예를 훼손한 명예훼손죄의 경우는 이건 [[반의사불벌죄]]이고, 이 경우 제3자 고발이 가능하다. | |
| 267 | ||
| 268 | '''공연성'''에서는 알파위키는 공개 위키이므로 이곳에 서술하는 내용은 당연히 공연성을 갖는다. | |
| 269 | ||
| 270 | '''사실의 적시'''에서는 '누가 어디어디서 뭘 했다더라' 식으로 구체적으로 쓰여 있어야 한다. 대법원 판례로 "네가 [[불륜|화냥질]]을 했잖아"라는 말을 '단순한 경멸의 감정 표시'로 해석하여 명예훼손죄 성립을 인정하지않은 예가 있다. | |
| 271 | ||
| 272 | '적시한 사실이 진실한 사실로서 그것을 적시한 것이 공익을 위한 목적에 부합되는 경우'는 명예훼손죄가 성립되지 않는다. 이 예가 [[고소카페 이단심문사건]] 문서와 [[범죄자 목록]]의 문서들이다. | |
| 273 | ||
| 274 | 명예를 훼손에서는 출판물에 의한 명예훼손죄와 사이버 명예훼손의 경우에는 비방 목적이 있는지의 여부를 구성 요건으로 하는데 이는 출판물과 인터넷에 의한 명예훼손 중 일부 경우를 더 무겁게 처벌하기 위한 법이다. | |
| 275 | ||
| 276 | 반면 '''일반적인 명예훼손죄는 비방 목적이 없었어도 성립'''하기 때문에 출판물이나 인터넷에 의해서 비방 목적의 고의 없이 진실 혹은 허위의 사실을 적시하여 결과적으로 명예를 훼손한 경우도 일반적인 명예훼손죄는 얄짤없이 걸린다. | |
| 277 | ||
| 278 | [[심신미약]]이 아닌 이상에야 어떤 사실을 적시할 때 그 사실이 당사자의 명예를 훼손할지 아닐지에 대해서 판단이 안 서지는 않을 것이고 그런 판단이 섰으면서도 우격다짐으로 적시한 경우를 위해 [[미필적 고의]]라는 개념이 준비되어 있다. | |
| 279 | ||
| 280 | === 운영방해 === | |
| 281 | 만약 위키가 개인사업자로 등록되어 있다면 업무방해를 적용하는 것도 가능하게 된다. | |
| 282 | ||
| 283 | * 형법 제314조(업무방해) ① 제313조의 방법 또는 위력으로써 사람의 업무를 방해한 자는 5년이하의 징역 또는 1천500만원이하의 벌금에 처한다. ② 컴퓨터등 정보처리장치 또는 전자기록등 특수매체기록을 손괴하거나 정보처리장치에 허위의 정보 또는 부정한 명령을 입력하거나 기타 방법으로 정보처리에 장애를 발생하게 하여 사람의 업무를 방해한 자도 제1항의 형과 같다. | |
| 284 | ||
| 285 | 그러니까 반달러가 반달을 하고 있는데, 그 위키가 개인사업자로 등록되어있으면 '''반달러에게 고소미를 쳐먹이는'''것도 가능하다는 소리다. | |
| 286 | [[분류:위키]] |